Nurses' turnover intention in secondary hospitals in China: A structural equation modelling approach.

AIM: To identify the factors affecting nurses' turnover intention. BACKGROUND: The shortage of nurses has been a great challenge worldwide, and nurses' turnover may exacerbate the situation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in six secondary hospitals in China. A model was constructed, and structured questionnaires were adopted to measure model variables. Structural equation modelling was used to verify the model. RESULTS: Totally, 594 valid questionnaires were collected. The final model showed an acceptable fit, and 35.0% of the total variation was explained. Nine of the ten pathways were statistically significant. The model verified the contribution of professional value, nursing practice, job stress and social support to turnover intention and their effects were mediated by job satisfaction and organisational commitment. As hypothesized, there existed a significant effect between job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Unexpectedly, job stress had a greater direct effect on turnover intention than job satisfaction and organisational commitment. CONCLUSIONS: The structural model provided a feasible model that could explain nurses' turnover intention in China. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: To prevent the turnover of nurses, administrators and managers should advisably prioritize the effect of job stress, especially in hospitals with similar medical context.

Decreased expression of CD200 and CD200R1 by human decidual tissues in spontaneous early abortion.

Objective: To examine the cellular distribution and the expression of CD200 and its receptor 1 (CD200R1) in human deciduas in first-trimester pregnant women with spontaneous early abortion (SEA) and normal pregnancy, and to explore their role in the etiology of SEA.Subjects and methods: Thirty-five women at 6-10-week gestation with SA and 30 women of similar gestational age with a healthy pregnancy were recruited. Expression of CD200 and CD200R1 in the deciduas was determined using immunohistochemistry, confocal laser scanning microscope, Western blot, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR).Results: The decidual stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells, and vessel endothelial cells during the first trimester of pregnancy express both CD200 and CD200R1 proteins. During this period, the expression of CD200 in glandular epithelial cells and vessel endothelial cells is significantly higher in normal pregnancy than that in women with SEA (0.3079 ± 0.0674 versus 0.2735 ± 0.0515; 0.4077 ± 0.1366 versus 0.3249 ± 0.0993); the expression of CD200R1 in stromal cells, decidual stromal cells, glandular epithelial cells is significantly higher during normal pregnancy than SEA (0.2574 ± 0.0588 versus 0.2292 ± 0.0415; 0.3617 ± 0.1046 versus 0.2804 ± 0.0640). Western blot analysis showed an approximately 44% decrease in CD200R1expression in decidua in the SEA versus the controls. Finally, in decidua, the expression of both CD200 protein and CD200R1 transcript are significantly higher in healthy first-trimester pregnancy than in SEA (CD200: 2.2089 ± 1.2754 versus 0.7241 ± 0.2143; CD200R1: 15.7843 ± 10.7085 versus 7.3381 ± 5.8529).Conclusions: Women with SEA have a lower level of CD200 and CD200R1 expression in deciduas compared with normal pregnant women suggesting that under physiological conditions, CD200 and CD200R1 expression by deciduas is important to prevent fetal loss ensure a successful pregnancy.

[DNA hypomethylation in villi of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and its mechanism].

Objective To explore the genome-wide DNA methylation level and the expression of DNA methylation-related enzymes in the villi tissue of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods The villi samples were obtained from thirty-one URSA patients (URSA group) and thirty pregnancy women who underwent induced abortion (control group). Total DNA methylation was determined by ELISA. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect mRNA levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, TET1, TET2 and TET3, and Western blot analysis was used to detect protein levels of DNMT1, DNMT2, DNMT3, TET1, TET2 and TET3. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression and distribution of DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b, TET1, TET2 and TET3 in villi tissues. Results Methylation level of total DNA in the URSA group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3b significantly decreased, while TET1 and TET2 significantly increased in the villi of the URSA group. Conclusion The methylation level is reduced in the villi of URSA women, which may be correlated with up-regulated expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b and down-regulated expression of TET1 and TET2.

Fabrication of Large-Scale Microlens Arrays Based on Screen Printing for Integral Imaging 3D Display.

The low-cost large-scale fabrication of microlens arrays (MLAs) with precise alignment, great uniformity of focusing, and good converging performance are of great importance for integral imaging 3D display. In this work, a simple and effective method for large-scale polymer microlens arrays using screen printing has been successfully presented. The results show that the MLAs possess high-quality surface morphology and excellent optical performances. Furthermore, the microlens' shape and size, i.e., the diameter, the height, and the distance between two adjacent microlenses of the MLAs can be easily controlled by modifying the reflowing time and the size of open apertures of the screen. MLAs with the neighboring microlenses almost tangent can be achieved under suitable size of open apertures of the screen and reflowing time, which can remarkably reduce the color moiré patterns caused by the stray light between the blank areas of the MLAs in the integral imaging 3D display system, exhibiting much better reconstruction performance.

Structural, optical, and improved field-emission properties of tetrapod-shaped Sn-doped ZnO nanostructures synthesized via thermal evaporation.

High-quality tetrapod-shaped Sn-doped ZnO (T-SZO) nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via the thermal evaporation of mixed Zn and Sn powder. The effects of the Sn dopant on the morphology, microstructure, optical, and field-emission (FE) properties of T-SZO were investigated. It was found that the growth direction of the legs of T-SZO is parallel to the [0001] crystal c-axis direction and that the incorporation of Sn in the ZnO matrix increases the aspect ratio of the tetrapods, leads to blue shift in the UV region, and considerably improves the FE performance. The results also show that tetrapod cathodes with around a 0.84 atom % Sn dosage have the best FE properties, with a turn-on field of 1.95 V/µm, a current density of 950 µA/cm2 at a field of 4.5 V/µm, and a field-enhancement factor as high as 9556.

[Expression and significance of IL-10 in human chorionic villi of recurrent spontaneous abortion].

AIM: To investigate the correlation between interleukin-10(IL-10) and recurrent spontaneous abortion as well as the significance of them through researching the comparison of histological localization of IL-10, expression comparison of IL-10 mRNA in human chorionic villi of pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion and normal abortion. METHODS: To detect expression comparison of IL-10 mRNA and histological localization of IL-10 in human chorionic villi of 35 pregnant women with recurrent spontaneous abortion(experimental group) and 35 normal abortion women(control group) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. To analysis expression of IL-10 in serum of the two groups by ELISA. RESULTS: The detection of immunohistochemistry showed that there are expressions of IL-10 both in the two groups, the expressions of IL-10 in the experimental group were lower than the control group(P<0.05).The results of the RT-PCR showed that the expressions of IL-10 of experimental group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). ELISA analysis showed that the expressions of IL-10 of the experimental group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of detection of immunohistochemistry and the expression of mRNA of IL-10 in human chorionic villi as well as its expressions in serum of experimental group were lower than the control group. IL-10 would play an important role in maintaining normal pregnancy.

[Expression of laminin and laminin receptor in gestational trophoblastic tumor and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to detect the expression of laminin (LN) and laminin receptor (LN-R) in the specimens of hydatidiform mole (HM), invasive mole (IM) and choriocarcinoma(CC), respectively. METHODS: The immunohistological staining method was used. RESULTS: It was found that the level of the laminin expression was higher in the specimens of choriocarcinoma at more advanced stage. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there may be relations between the invasion and metastasis of choriocacinoma cell and the malignant degree of this disease, chemotherapy has some effect on the expression of LN and LN-R in gestational trophablastic tumor (GTT), and that LN and LN-R may be of potential value in GTT treatment. However, referring whether LN and LN-R could be used as clinical prognosticators, further studies will be needed.